| Q
: What is Krona Water Maker ? |
| Q
: How does Reverse Osmosis differ from a Water Filter
? |
| Q
: What is RO membrane and how does it work ? |
| Q
: Can you explain Osmosis ? |
| Q
: What is Reverse Osmosis ? |
| Q
: What is the purification process of the Krona R.O Water
Maker ? |
| Q
: How did Reverse Osmosis get its start ? |
| Q
: Will R.O. remove Sodium from the water ? |
| Q
: Does R.O remove Bacteria ? Crytosporidium ? |
| Q
: What does the Krona RO Water Maker's drinking water
tastes like ? |
| Q
: Where is the Krona - RO Water Maker installed ? |
| Q
: How much water does the Krona RO Water Maker produce
? |
| Q
: What is the guarantee on the Krona RO Water Maker ? |
| Q
: What is the maintenance schedule for the Krona Ro Water
maker ? |
| Q
: When should the membrane be changed ? |
| Q
: What contaminants does Reverse Osmosis Remove ? |
| |
| Q : What is Krona
Water Maker ? |
Top |
| Krona RO Water Maker is a purifier system
that uses the principle of reverse osmosis to remove 95-99%
of all the mineral and chemical contaminants from raw
tap water. Krona R.O. gives you the quality of bottled
water with the convenience of a faucet mounted on your
kitchen sink. |
| Q : How does
Reverse Osmosis differ from a Water Filter ? |
Top |
| Ordinary water filters use a screen only
particles of dirt sediment from water. Reverse osmosis
employs a semi-permeable membrane that removes not only
particles but also an extremely high percentage of dissolved
contaminants-molecule by molecule from raw tap water.
Ordinary filters remove only insoluble impurities also
removes soluble impurities like salts, hardness a heavy
metals. |
| Q : What is RO
membrane and how does it work ? |
Top |
| The membrane consists of several thin layers
or sheets of film that are bonded together and rolled
in a spiral configuration around a plastic tube. (This
is also known as a thin film composite or TFC membrane)
The material of the membrane is semi-permeable with .0001
micron pores. It allows water molecules pass through while
acting as a barrier to dissolved solids (i.e.: mineral
chemical contaminants). When the feed water stream passes
across the surface of the membrane, the molecules penetrate
the membrane surface, working their way around the spiral
and collecting in the center tube. The remaining contaminants
are concentrated and washed from the surface of the membrane
down the drain. |
| Q : Can you
explain Osmosis ? |
Top |
| Assume a membrane is a semi-permeable, allowing
water to pass through while being closed to dissolved
salts. Place a membrane between two compartments in a
container. Then a place a salt solution in one half of
the container and pure water in the other half. Now a
fundamental scientific principle comes into play. That
is, two different concentrations of liquids within the
same system will try to reach equilibrium (i.e. the same
concentration of contaminants) on both sides of the membrane.
Of course the only way for this to happen is for pure
water to pass through the membrane to salt water side
in an attempt to reach equilibrium is called OSMOSIS. |
| Q : What is Reverse
Osmosis ? |
Top |
| Reverse Osmosis is the reversal of the natural
flow of osmosis. In a water purification system, the goal
is not to dilute the salt solution, but to separate the
pure water from the salt and other contaminants. When
the natural osmotic flow is reversed, water from the salt
solution is forced through the membrane in the opposite
direction by application of pressure-thus the term REVERSE
OSMOSIS. Through this process, we are able to produce
pure water by screening out the salts and other contaminants. |
| Q : What is the
purification process of the Krona R.O Water Maker ? |
Top |
The raw tap water first
flows through a 5 micron particle FILTER [1] to remove
dirt, rust and other sediment. The water then flows
into a carbon briquette cartridge FILTER [2] which takes
out 98% of the chlorine and organic chemicals. The next
stage of the process is FILTER[3] the Block carbon filter
to filter multi-chemical compounds and suspension. [4]
The reverse osmosis membrane (TFC) which will separate
95-99% of the dissolved contaminants from the water
molecules. The contaminants are then washed down the
drain. The next stage of the Krona series process is
the small CARBON FILTER removes the remaining traces
of chemicals, tastes and odors.
The R.O. water is stored in a 17 Litre
TANK. Inside the tank is a balloon-like rubber diaphragm,
pre-changed with 14 psi of air. As the tank fills, the
air pressure increases and pushes the water out when
the faucet is opened. |
| Q : How did
Reverse Osmosis get its start ? |
Top |
| Although the idea of reversing osmosis has
been known for ever 10 years, the practical application
is a recent development. In 1962 the U.S Government funded
the first R.O. plant which processed 1000 gallons clean
water per day. Today, there are more than 3000 large R.O.
treatment plants, each producing more than a million gallons
of drinking water each day. In 1991, the U.S. Army bought
8,000 large membranes to their mobile water purification
units for troops in Desert Storm. In 1993, the U.S. Government
bought another 6,300 large membranes to purify flood water
in the Midwest. |
| Q : Will R.O.
remove Sodium from the water ? |
Top |
| YES! Reverse Osmosis was originally designed
to make sea water drinkable for the navy. It is ideal
for everyone on a low sodium diet. |
| Q : Does R.O
remove Bacteria ? Crytosporidium ? |
Top |
| YES! An R.O. membrane has a pore size much
smaller than bacteria virus,, pyrogen or the cryptosporidium
parasite. When functioning properly it will remove all
micro organism from tap water and produce sterile water. |
| Q : What does
the Krona RO Water Maker's drinking water tastes like
? |
Top |
| The Taste of the Krona water depends on
the amount of contaminants in the water originally. If
95% of dissolved minerals and chemicals are removed, the
R.O. water may taste like bottled water (low minerals),
or natural spring water (moderate mineral content.) |
| Q : Where
is the Krona - RO Water Maker installed ? |
Top |
| Depending upon the model you choose the
krona water makers can be installed on wall i.e. wall
mounted and also under the counter. |
| Q : How much
water does the Krona RO Water Maker produce ? |
Top |
| Under ideal conditions, the membrane is
rated at 15 litres per hour of water production. This
is a lot of water for the average household's drinking
and cooking requirements. |
| Q : What is
the guarantee on the Krona RO Water Maker ? |
Top |
| The Krona System (excluding filters) is
guaranteed for 1 year for material and workmanship. All
defective parts will be replaced free within the first
year. The membrane has a one year pro-rated guarantee. |
| Q : What is
the maintenance schedule for the Krona Ro Water maker
? |
Top |
| The three pre-filter cartridges should be
changed every 6 months. The first is a 5 micron sediment
cartridge. The second is a Carbon Cartridge. the third
is a Executed carbon filter. Failure to change the cartridge
every 6 months may allow chlorine to destroy the membrane.
Depending upon the water it is treating, the Thin Film
Composite membrane has a life expectancy of 3 to 10 years.
The post filter should be changed when the membrane needs
changing. |
| Q : When should
the membrane be changed ? |
Top |
| One indication is a gradual reduction is
water production caused by a layering of minerals and
salts on the membrane surface. Another is gradual deterioration
in the quality of water being produced. You my notice
a different taste or more white scrum on the inside of
a pan of water you are boiling. This might mean the R.O.
membrane is disintegrating and requires replacement. |
| Q : What contaminants
does Reverse Osmosis Remove ? |
Top |
| The Krona RO Water contains a quality carbon
which will remove more than 98% of organic chemicals from
the water. These include THMs (chloroform), DBCP, lindane.
TCE (trichloroethylene), PCEs (tetrachloroethylene), carbon
tetrachloride chlorine. |
